ABSTRACT
The study is a review of natural raw materials that can prevent infection and help treat viral infections, including those that cause COVID-19. The condition of not getting infected with pathogens that cause infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract is high the body resistance. An important element that influences the proper immunity of the body is the diet. The functioning of the immune system is improved by bee products, and plant materials: purple coneflower herb, flower and root, licorice root, aloe gel and Baikal skullcap root, as well as black cumin seed oil, chaga mushroom, lemon balm leaves and chamomile flowers. Strengthening immunity is conducive to maintaining a good mood and reducing stress. The antiviral activity has been confirmed for many plant materials, especially those containing essential oils. Natural products can be used for prevention and treatment. The country that copes best with the coronavirus epidemic is China, thanks to a combination of academic and natural medicine. The study quotes an excerpt from the "Handbook of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment", prepared by Chinese doctors, with particular attention to the recipes used by them.
ABSTRACT
The aviation industry is responsible for 12% of transport-related GHG emissions and 2-3% of the global GHG emissions, thus raising concerns for sustainable alternatives such as aviation biofuels. This study sought to analyze the potential of producing aviation fuel from rubber seed oil. Rubber seed oil (RSO) was extracted and the physicochemical properties investigated as well as the fatty acid composition. This result was simulated in ASPEN plus to determine the potential aviation biofuel produced using the UOP HEFA process. The study shows that the golden yellowish oil derived from rubber seed possessed a density 0.9 g/cm3 and pH of 6, refractive index of 1.48, heating value of 23.75 MJ/kg and composed of 75% area of FFA with Oleic and Linoleic acid been the most dominant. The HEFA process on ASPEN Plus showed 81% of feedstock was converted to hydrocarbons with aviation biofuel yield of 46%. It was estimated that the installation of the plant for aviation biofuel production has a total capital cost of $ 8,650,480 and a total operation cost of $ 328,728. The economic analysis shows that at a cost of USD 4/kg (USD 3.01/liter) of aviation biofuel has an Internal rate of return of 18.62% profitability of 1.18 and payback period of 14.9 years of the plant operating. This study established that rubber seed oil shows suitability and potential for sustainable aviation biofuel production.
ABSTRACT
Monolaurin and lauric acid (C12) have demonstrated considerable viral activity. Lauric acid is a medium-chain fatty acid that accounts for around 50% of coconut oil;monolaurin is a metabolite produced by the body's enzymes after ingestion of coconut oil and is available as a supplement. Sodium lauryl sulfate, a lauric acid-based surfactant, exhibits antiviral properties. Several antiviral products contain lauric acid, monolaurin, and sodium lauryl sulfate (also known as sodium dodecyl sulfate). This article summarizes the 3 mechanisms proposed to explain the antiviral activity of lauric acid and monolaurin: first, they cause virus envelope disintegration;second, they can inhibit late maturation in the virus replication cycle;and third, they can prevent viral proteins from binding to the host cell membrane. This article also discusses several in vitro, animal, and human research that support the potential of coconut oil, lauric acid, and its derivatives.